Method IO-3.4

Determination of Metals in Ambient Particulate Matter Using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectroscopy


This method is from EPA's Inorganic Compendium of methods and is for the determination of metals (and particulate matter (PM) if needed) from ambient air sources using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP).

A pre-weighed, tared filter is needed for sample collection.  Method IO-3.1 outlines some of the various filters that may be used for this method, however, the most commonly used filter is a quartz filter.  The filter size for use in the ambient air methods is 8"x10".

The sample is collected by using a TSP (total suspended particulate matter) sampler per IO-2.1.  Air is drawn through the sampler and the filter that allows through suspended particles that are less than 100um.  An average flow rate of 1.70 m3/min. (60ft3/min.) over a period of 24 hours is typical. Typical collection volumes are 1600-2400m3.  Shorter sampling times may be needed if the filter clogs due particulate matter.  A general guideline is the sample is suspect if the final flow rate is less than 1/2 of the intial flow rate.  This would indicate that air did not pass through the filter constantly during sampling and the calculation of the sampled air volume would be inaccurate.

Note that the TSP sampler can be configured as per normal or fitted with a size-selective inlet impactor or cyclone to sample PM10 (particles less than 10um).

After sample collection, the filter is removed, folded in half with the particulate catch on the inside of the fold and placed in an envelope for shipment to the laboratory.  Filters should be stored at 15-30 degrees C until analysis.  The labortory determines the amount of PM by weighing the filter to a constant weight (to the nearest 0.05mg).  The filter is then cut into 9 equivalent strips.  A representative sample is taken and used for digestion.  The method cites that nitric acid digestion or microwave digestion using hydrochloric acid/nitric acid are acceptable but that microwave digestion is preferred.  Once digested, the sample is analyzed for metals using ICP.  A variety of metals can be analyzed using ICP including others that are not shown below. 


(EPA 625/R-96/010A)

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Method Data

Hold Times, Preservatives, Preps, Collection, Analytical & Documentation
Holding Time:   None specified in method.
Preservatives:   None specified in method.
Required Preps:   Pre-weighed, tared 8" x 10" quartz filter
Collection Method:   High-volume TSP sampler per Compendium Method IO-2.1 procedures.
Analytical Methodology:   ICP
Documentation:   IO-3.4

Analyte List*

Analyte Formula CAS Number Detection Limit
Tellurium
Te
13494-80-9
4.6
 ng/m3
Aluminum
Al
7429-90-5
13.5
 ng/m3
Iron
Fe
7439-89-6
7.5
 ng/m3
Lanthanum
La
7439-91-0
1.5
 ng/m3
Lead
Pb
7439-92-1
7
 ng/m3
Lithium
Li
7439-93-2
0.7
 ng/m3
Magnesium
Mg
7439-95-4
5.3
 ng/m3
Manganese
Mn
7439-96-5
0.9
 ng/m3
Molybdenum
Mo
7439-98-7
1.9
 ng/m3
Nickel
Ni
7440-02-0
3.1
 ng/m3
Niobium
Nb
7440-03-1
2.4
 ng/m3
Palladium
Pd
7440-05-3
7
 ng/m3
Platinum
Pt
7440-06-4
23.5
 ng/m3
Potassium
K
7440-09-7
45.1
 ng/m3
Rhenium
Re
7440-15-5
33
 ng/m3
Rhodium
Rh
7440-16-6
440
 ng/m3
Ruthenium
Ru
7440-18-8
41.1
 ng/m3
Samarium
Sm
7440-19-9
5.4
 ng/m3
Silicon
Si
7440-21-3
37.8
 ng/m3
Strontium
Sr
7440-24-6
0.2
 ng/m3
Tantalum
Ta
7440-25-7
52.1
 ng/m3
Thallium
Tl
7440-28-0
33.4
 ng/m3
Tin
Sn
7440-31-5
9.2
 ng/m3
Titanium
Ti
7440-32-6
0.7
 ng/m3
Tungsten
W
7440-33-7
12.5
 ng/m3
Antimony
Sb
7440-36-0
5.5
 ng/m3
Arsenic
As
7440-38-2
5.5
 ng/m3
Barium
Ba
7440-39-3
0.7
 ng/m3
Beryllium
Be
7440-41-7
0.4
 ng/m3
Boron
B
7440-42-8
6.6
 ng/m3
Cadmium
Cd
7440-43-9
1.1
 ng/m3
Cesium
Cs
7440-46-2
10.6
 ng/m3
Chromium
Cr
7440-47-3
2.6
 ng/m3
Cobalt
Co
7440-48-4
3.3
 ng/m3
Copper
Cu
7440-50-8
2.2
 ng/m3
Germanium
Ge
7440-56-4
17.5
 ng/m3
Gold
Au
7440-57-5
1.9
 ng/m3
Vanadium
V
7440-62-2
1.5
 ng/m3
Yttrium
Y
7440-65-5
0.9
 ng/m3
Zinc
Zn
7440-66-6
26.4
 ng/m3
Zirconium
Zr
7440-67-7
1.8
 ng/m3
Bismuth
Bi
7440-69-9
226.6
 ng/m3
Calcium
Ca
7440-70-2
22.7
 ng/m3
Indium
In
7440-74-6
18.5
 ng/m3
Phosphorus
P
7723-14-0
22.9
 ng/m3
Selenium
Se
7782-49-2
34.3
 ng/m3

* The analytes and detection limits listed for each method represent the typical detection limits and analytes reported for that particular method. Keep in mind that analyte lists may vary from laboratory to laboratory. Detection limits may also vary from lab to lab and are dependent upon the sample size, matrix, and any interferences that may be present in the sample.