Air Sampling Method Selection Guide

Air. "It surrounds us and penetrates us. It binds the galaxy together." We're surrounded by air and unless you have to figure out a way to capture a sample of it for analysis, you probably haven't given it much thought.

* Obi-Wan Kenobi referring to The Force, but it also kind of applies to air, and it sounds cool.

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Analytical Guide

Search Analytical Methods



 Method    Analyte 
 CAS Number

Aldehydes/ketones

Stack Emission Methods Ambient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps Method Description Media/Preps
0011/8315A Aldehydes and ketones by HPLC/UV DNPH impinger solution TO-5 Aldehydes and ketones by HPLC/UV Midget impinger with acidic DNPH reagent
316 Formaldehyde by spectrophotometry Water impinger solution TO-11A Formaldehyde by HPLC/UV DNPH cartridge
CARB 430 Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde by HPLC/UV DNPH impinger solution      

Ammonia

Stack Emission Methods
Method Description Media/Preps  
CTM-027 Ammonia by IC 0.1N H2SO4 impinger solution Deoinized water impinger solution

Anions

Stack Emission Methods
Method Description Media/Preps  
13A Total Fluoride by SPADNS Zirconium Lake Method Whatman No. 1 filter Deoinized water impinger solution
13B Total fluoride by ISE Whatman No. 1 filter  
26 HCl, HBr, HF, Cl2 and Br2 by IC 0.1N H2SO4 impinger solution 0.1N NaOH impinger solution
26A HCl, HBr, HF, Cl2 and Br2 by IC 0.1N H2SO4 impinger solution 0.1N NaOH impinger solution
0050/9056 HCl, HBr, HF, Cl2 and Br2 by IC 0.1N H2SO4 impinger solution 0.1N NaOH impinger solution
0050/9057 HCl and Cl2 by IC 0.1N H2SO4 impinger solution 0.1N NaOH impinger solution
0051/9056 HCl, HBr, HF, Cl2 and Br2 by IC 0.1N H2SO4 impinger solution 0.1N NaOH impinger solution
0051/9057 HCl and Cl2 by IC 0.1N H2SO4 impinger solution 0.1N NaOH impinger solution

Atmospheric Gases

Stack Emission Methods Ambient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps   Method Description Media/Preps  
3C Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrogen (N2), and Oxygen (O2) by GC/TCD Canister          
10B Carbon Monoxide (CO) by GC/FID Tedlar bag          
ASTM D-1945 Hydrogen (H2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), ethane and ethylene by GC/TCD Canister Tedlar bag ASTM D-1945 Hydrogen (H2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), ethane and ethylene by GC/TCD Canister Tedlar Bag
ASTM D-1946 Hydrogen (H2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), ethane and ethylene by GC/TCD Canister Tedlar bag ASTM D-1946 Hydrogen (H2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), ethane and ethylene by GC/TCD Canister Tedlar Bag

Dioxin/Furan (PCDD/PCDF)

Stack Emission Methods Ambient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps   Method Description Media/Preps  
23 Dioxins and furans by high resolution GC/MS XAD-2 resin trap Glass fiber filter TO-9A Dioxins/Furans by high resolution GC/MS PUF cartridge Quartz filter
0023A Dioxins and furans by high resolution GC/MS with the FH and BH of the sampling train processed separately XAD-2 resin trap Glass fiber filter        
CARB 428 Dioxins and furans and PCBs by high resolution GC/MS XAD-2 resin trap Glass fiber filter        

Hydrogen Cyanide

Stack Emission Methods
Method Description Media/Preps  
CTM-033 Hydrogen cyanide 0.1N NaOH impinger solution  

Isocyanates

Stack Emission Methods
Method Description Media/Preps  
207 HDI, MDI, TDI and MI by HPLC/UV 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine in toluene impinger solution  

Lead

Stack Emission Methods
Method Description Media/Preps  
12 Inorganic lead by atomic absorption 0.1N HNO3 impinger solution Glass fiber filter

Mercury

Stack Emission Methods Ambient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps   Method Description Media/Preps  
29 Mercury by CVAA Quartz fiber filter   IO-5 Vapor phase and particle phase mercury by CVAFS Gold-coated sand trap Glass fiber filter
101A Mercury by CVAA KMnO4 impinger solution Glass fiber filter        
Ontario Hydro Method Mercury by CVAAS or CVAFS KMnO4 impinger solution Glass fiber filter        

Metals

Stack Emission Methods Ambient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps   Method Description Media/Preps  
0061/7199 Hexavalent chromium by IC/PCR 0.1M KOH impinger solution   IO-3.2 Metals by FAA or GFAA Pre-tared quartz filter  
29 Metals including mercury by ICP or ICP/MS and CVAA Quartz fiber filter HNO3/H2O2 and acidified KMNO4 impinger solutions IO-3.3 Metals by XRF Teflon filter  
104 Beryllium by ICP or ICP/MS Glass fiber filter Deoinized water impinger solution IO-3.4 Metals by ICP Pre-tared quartz filter  
108 Arsenic by ICP or ICP/MS Glass fiber filter Deoinized water impinger solution IO-3.5 Metals by ICP/MS Pre-tared quartz filter  
306 Total Cr and/or Hexavalent Cr by ICP, GFAA and IC/PCR (isokinetic) 0.1N NaOH impinger solution 0.1N NaHCO3 impinger solution IO-3.6 Metals by PIXE (proton induced x-ray spectroscopy) PCTE filter  
306A Total Cr and/or Hexavalent Cr by ICP, GFAA and IC/PCR (Mason jar method) 0.1N NaOH impinger solution 0.1N NaHCO3 impinger solution        

Methanol

Stack Emission Methods
Method Description Media/Preps  
308 Methanol by GC/FID DI water impinger solution Silica gel tube

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)

Abient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps  
TO-7 N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by GC/MS Thermosorb/N aborbent cartridge  

Non-methane Organic Compounds (NMOC)

Stack Emission Methods Ambient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps   Method Description Media/Preps  
25C Non-methane organic compounds by NMO analyzer (GC equipped with oxidiation catalyst, reduction catalyst and FID) Sample tank (stainless steel)   TO-12 Non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) by cryofocused GC/FID Canister  

Particulates

Stack Emission Methods Ambient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps   Method Description Media/Preps  
5 Particulate matter by gravimetric determination (Includes 5A, 5B, 5E, 5F) Pre-tared glass fiber filter          
17 Particulate matter by gravimetric determination Pre-tared glass fiber filter   PM10 PM10 by gravimetric determination 8" x 10" quartz filter  
201 PM10 by gravimetric determination (isokinetic) Pre-tared glass fiber filter          
201A PM10 by gravimetric determination (constant rate) Pre-tared glass fiber filter          
202 Condensible particulate matter by gravimetric determination with IC correction Glass fiber filter          

Pesticides

Abient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps  
TO-4A Chlorinated pesticides by GC/ECD (High Vol method) PUF cartridge  

Phenol and Methyl Phenols (Cresols)

Stack Emission Methods Ambient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps   Method Description Media/Preps  
CTM-032 Phenol and cresols by HPLC/UV Glass fiber or quartz filter 2N Sodium hydroxide impinger solution TO-13A Phenol and methyl phenols (cresols) by GC/MS PUF/XAD-2 sandwich cartridge Quartz filter
0010/8270 SVOCs by GC/MS XAD-2 resin trap Glass fiber filter        

Phosgene

Abient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps  
TO-6 Phosgene by HPLC/UV Midget impinger with aniline/toluene solution  

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

Stack Emission Methods Ambient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps   Method Description Media/Preps  
CARB 428 Dioxins and furans and PCBs by high resolution GC/MS XAD-2 resin trap Glass fiber filter TO-4A Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC/ECD (High Vol method) PUF/XAD-2 sandwich cartridge  
1668C 209 PCBs plus Totals by high resolution GC/MS XAD-2 resin trap Glass fiber filter TO-10A Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC/ECD (Low Vol method) PUF/XAD-2 sandwich cartridge  

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Stack Emission Methods Ambient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps   Method Description Media/Preps  
0010/8270 PAHs by low resolution GC/MS XAD-2 resin trap Glass fiber filter TO-13A Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by GC/MS PUF/XAD-2 sandwich cartridge Quartz filter
CARB 429 PAHs by high resolution GC/MS XAD-2 resin trap Glass fiber filter        

Semi-volatile organics (SVOCs)

Stack Emission Methods
Method Description Media/Preps  
0010/8270 SVOCs by GC/MS XAD-2 resin trap Glass fiber filter

Sulfur Gases

Stack Emission Methods
Method Description Media/Preps  
6 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) by barium-thorin titration (midget impinger) 80% Isopropanol midget impinger solution 3% Hydrogen peroxide midget impinger solution
6A Sulfur dioxide (SO2) by barium-thorin titration and carbon dioxide (CO2) by gravimetric determination (midget impinger) 3% Hydrogen peroxide midget impinger solution Sodium hydroxide-coated silica (Ascarite II)
8 Sulfuric acid mist and sulfur dioxide (SO2) by barium-thorin titration 80% Isopropanol impinger solution 3% Hydrogen peroxide impinger solution
11 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by titration (midget impinger) CdSO4 midget impinger solution 3% Hydrogen peroxide midget impinger solution
15 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and Carbon disulfide (CS2) by GC/FPD Onsite, Canister Tedlar bag
15A Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and Carbon disulfide (CS2) by barium-thorin titration 3% Hydrogen peroxide impinger solution  
16 Dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan (total sulfur emissions) by GC/FPD Onsite, Canister Tedlar bag
16A Total reduced sulfur compounds (dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan) and reduced sulfur compounds (carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide) by barium-thorin titration 3% Hydrogen peroxide impinger solution  

Volatile Organics (VOCs)

Stack emission methods Ambient Air Methods
Method Description Media/Preps   Method Description Media/Preps  
0030/5041A VOCs by GC/MS Tenax/Tenax-charcoal tubes   TO-1 Volatile organic compounds by GC/MS Tenax tube  
0031/5041A VOCs by GC/MS Tenax/Tenax-charcoal tubes Anasorb tube TO-2 Volatile organic compounds by GC/MS Carbon molecular sieve tube  
0040/8260B VOCs by GC/MS Tedlar bag   TO-3 Highly volatile organic compounds (-10 - 200C) by cyrofocused GC/ECD/FID Canister Tedlar bag
18 (Compliance)/ 18 (Engineering) VOCs by GC/FID or other suitable detector Tedlar bag Adsorbent tubes TO-14A Volatile organic compounds by GC/MS Canister  
25 Total gaseous non-methane organic (TGNMO) emissions as carbon by NMO analyzer (GC equipped with oxidiation catalyst, reduction catalyst and FID) Condensate trap (stainless steel) Sample tank (stainless steel) TO-15 Volatile organic compounds by GC/MS or GC/SIM Canister  
106 Vinyl chloride by GC/FID Tedlar bag   TO-17 Volatile organic compounds by GC/MS Multi-bed carbon molecular sieve tube